| Masculine Vowels | Feminine Vowels | Neutral Vowels |
| а о у я ё ю(у) ы | э ө ү е ю(ү) | и |
и can be used in either "masculine" words or "feminine" words, and can act as either type of vowel. When и is the only vowel in a word then it is treated as a feminine vowel.
The Mongolian languages uses vowel harmony; therefore, it is important to know what vowels belong to which group because a word cannot have both a feminine vowel and a masculine vowel in it. Vowel harmony is also important because it tells you which suffix to ad when conjugating verbs, adding a question particle, and so on.
| Short Vowels | Long Vowels | Diphthongs |
| а з и о ө ү у | аа зз ий оо өө үү уу | ай зй -- ой -- үй уй |
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